This shading puzzle variation was created by Prasanna Seshadri and first appeared on the 2014 USPC.

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools; use tab to shift between shading mode and the linex mode where left click+drag draws lines and right click marks X’s)

Theme: Clue Symmetry and Logic

Author/Opus: This is the 130th puzzle from our contributing puzzlemaster Prasanna Seshadri.

Rules: (Variation of Cave/Shading Puzzles). Shade some empty cells black to create a single connected group. Cells with numbers cannot be shaded, and the shaded cells cannot form a 2×2 square anywhere in the grid. Each numbered cell indicates the total count of shaded cells connected vertically and horizontally to that numbered cell.

Answer String: Enter the length in cells of each of the shaded segments from left to right for the marked rows, starting at the top. Separate each row’s entry from the next with a comma.

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 4:45, Master = 5:45, Expert = 11:30

Solution: PDF

Note: Follow this link for other Cave variations and this link for other classic Caves. If you are new to this puzzle type, here are our easiest Cave Puzzles to get started on.

(View image directly for larger form.)

(After solving the puzzle (or before, if you desire) look at this additional image for another challenge.)

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools; use tab to shift between shading mode and the linex mode where left click+drag draws lines and right click marks X’s. Note that the default puzzle info is too long — even for an url shortener — so copy and paste all the text in this file into the “Load” option in the upper-right of the penpa-edit interface to access. You can then also open a new tab and copy in all this file for the final additional challenge.)

Theme: Clue Symmetry and Logic

Author/Opus: This is the 100th puzzle from our contributing puzzlemaster Prasanna Seshadri.

Rules: This puzzle combines styles that involve shading cells. All rules are standard for the given puzzle types (Tapa, Light and Shadow, Nurikabe, Kurotto, and Cave) which appear in the indicated spots of the grid (see below).

Tapa: Shade some empty cells black to create a single connected wall. Numbers in a cell indicate the length of consecutive shaded blocks in the neighboring cells. If there is more than one number in a cell, then there must be at least one white (unshaded) cell between the black cell groups. Cells with numbers cannot be shaded, and the shaded cells cannot form a 2×2 square anywhere in the grid.

Cave: (The inside of the cave with the numbered cells is shaded here!) Shade some cells to form a single connected group — the cave — with no enclosed, unshaded cells. In other words, all unshaded cells must be connected by other unshaded cells to an edge of the grid. All numbered cells must be a part of the cave, with each number indicating the total count of cells connected vertically and horizontally to the numbered cell including the cell itself.

Additionally, there are two diamonds made out of cells in each grid. Each cell in the smaller diamond corresponds to two cells in the same position in the larger diamond (see example below). The corresponding cells must differ in their shading (i.e., if a cell in the smaller diamond is shaded, both corresponding cells in the larger diamond are unshaded; if a cell in the smaller diamond is unshaded, both corresponding cells in the larger diamond are shaded).

Answer String: Enter the answer to the additional challenge in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS (no spaces)

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 25:00, Master = 32:30, Expert = 1:05:00

Solution: PDF

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools; use tab to shift between shading mode and the linex mode where left click+drag draws lines and right click marks X’s)

Theme: “Hard” Practice (this was a WPC puzzle style) — in contrast to this post.

Rules: Place each of the 11 pentominoes into the grid exactly once, with rotations and reflections allowed, to form a valid “Coral”. In a Coral puzzle, all blackened areas are connected, but no group of 2×2 cells is entirely blackened. Also, there are no unshaded areas enclosed by the coral (meaning each unshaded cell must have a path through its edges with other unshaded cells to a border). Numbers outside the grid indicate the lengths of groups of shaded cells in that row/column, but not necessarily in order.

Or see this example from the 22nd WPC instruction booklet.

Answer String: Enter the identities of the pentominoes (one capital letter for each, even if in multiple cells) appearing in the marked rows from left to right (eg “ILN,WVXT”).

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 10:00, Master = 20:00, Expert = 40:00

Solution: PDF

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools using a composite mode where left click inside cell shades square, left click + drag draws line segment, right click inside cell adds dot, and right click on cell edge adds an x; an additional shading mode is available by hitting the tab button if that is preferred.)

Theme: Clue Symmetry and Logic

Rules: Blacken some cells and then draw a single non-intersecting loop through all remaining white cells. Outside clues indicate the size of all groups of blackened cells in that row or column in order. There must be at least one white cell between each of these groups. When no clues are given, any number of cells may be shaded in that row/column. Or see here.

Answer String: For each marked column, enter the length in cells of the longest vertical segment. Enter 0 if there are no vertical segments. Enter these values as a single string (eg “230124”).

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 4:15, Master = 7:30, Expert = 15:00

Solution: PDF

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools; use tab to shift between shading mode and the linex mode where left click+drag draws lines and right click marks X’s)

Theme: “Easy” Practice (this was a WPC puzzle style)

Rules: Place each of the 11 pentominoes into the grid exactly once, with rotations and reflections allowed, to form a valid “Coral”. In a Coral puzzle, all blackened areas are connected, but no group of 2×2 cells is entirely blackened. Also, there are no unshaded areas enclosed by the coral (meaning each unshaded cell must have a path through its edges with other unshaded cells to a border). Numbers outside the grid indicate the lengths of groups of shaded cells in that row/column, but not necessarily in order.

Or see this example from the 22nd WPC instruction booklet.

Answer String: Enter the identities of the pentominoes (one capital letter for each, even if in multiple cells) appearing in the marked rows from left to right (eg “ILN,WVXT”).

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 4:15, Master = 6:30, Expert = 13:00

Solution: PDF

Editorial Note: Many solvers can confuse Coral with another puzzle type with similar spelling. An easy way to remember the difference is that Cave has no R’s and also has no 2×2 Region constraint. Coral puzzles, with an R, do have this region constraint. The other general rules (about not enclosing white spaces and having a single shaded group) are shared between Cave and Coral puzzles.

PDF

or solve online (using our beta test of Penpa-Edit tools using a composite mode where left click inside cell shades square, left click + drag draws line segment, right click inside cell adds dot, and right click on cell edge adds an x; an additional shading mode is available by hitting the tab button if that is preferred.)

Theme: Hidden

Rules: Blacken some cells and then draw a single non-intersecting loop through all remaining white cells. Outside clues indicate the size of all groups of blackened cells in that row or column in order. There must be at least one white cell between each of these groups. When no clues are given, any number of cells may be shaded in that row/column. Or see here.

Answer String: For each column from left to right, enter the number of turns the loop makes. Enter your result as a single string (eg “202204…”).

Time Standards (highlight to view): Grandmaster = 1:45, Master = 2:30, Expert = 5:00

Solution: PDF